Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
Family: Moraceae
Common Name:
• English: Jackfruit
• Malayalam: ചക്ക (Chakka)
• Tamil: பனை (Panaai), சாக்கு (Saakku)
Botanical Description:
Artocarpus heterophyllus, commonly known as Jackfruit, is a large, evergreen tree native to the tropical regions of Southwest India, and it is now widely cultivated across tropical and subtropical parts of the world. The plant is most notable for its large, fleshy fruit, which is the largest fruit to grow on a tree.
Uses of Artocarpus heterophyllus:
1. Food Uses:
o Fruits: The edible part of the jackfruit is the fleshy, sweet pulp, which is consumed in a variety of forms. It can be eaten raw when ripe, or cooked when unripe (the immature green fruit has a neutral flavor and is often used as a meat substitute in savory dishes). It is used in curries, soups, desserts, jams, and chips.
o Seeds: The seeds inside the fruit are also edible and are rich in protein, starch, and minerals. They are commonly boiled, roasted, or ground into flour for use in various dishes.
o Juice: Jackfruit juice is often consumed fresh or as a beverage.
2. Medicinal Uses:
o Leaves: The leaves are used in traditional medicine for treating various conditions, including as an anti-inflammatory and for treating wounds or infections. A decoction of the leaves is sometimes used as a remedy for fever and gastrointestinal issues.
o Fruit: The jackfruit is rich in vitamins (especially vitamin C) and antioxidants, which promote good health. It is also considered beneficial for managing blood pressure and improving digestion.
3. Timber:
The wood of the jackfruit tree is heavy and durable, making it suitable for furniture, construction, and carving. The wood has a fine texture and a yellowish-brown color. It is used to make doors, windows, and decorative items.
4. Fodder:
The leaves and unripe fruits are used as fodder for cattle and other livestock in some regions.
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